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Archive for August, 2008

World War II History for August 30

30 Aug

Today in WW II History

World War II History for August 30

1941 - During World War II, the Nazis severed the last railroad link between Leningrad and the rest of the Soviet Union.

1945 - General Douglas MacArthur set up Allied occupation headquarters in Japan.

On this day in 1945, Gen. Douglas MacArthur lands in Japan to oversee the formal surrender ceremony and to organize the postwar Japanese government.

The career of Douglas MacArthur is composed of one striking achievement after another. When he graduated from West Point, MacArthur’s performance, in terms of awards and average, had only been exceeded in the institution’s history by one other person-Robert E. Lee. His performance in World War I, during combat in France, won him more decorations for valor and resulted in his becoming the youngest general in the Army at the time. He retired from the Army in 1934, only to be appointed head of the Philippine Army by its president (the Philippines had U.S. commonwealth status at the time).

When World War II broke out, MacArthur was called back to active service-as commanding general of the U.S. Army in the Far East. Because of MacArthur’s time in the Far East, and the awesome respect he commanded in the Philippines, his judgment had become somewhat distorted and his vision of U.S. military strategy as a whole myopic. He was convinced that he could defeat Japan if it invaded the Philippines. In the long term, he was correct. But in the short term, the United States suffered disastrous defeats at Bataan and Corregidor. By the time U.S. forces were compelled to surrender, he had already shipped out, on orders from President Roosevelt. As he left, he uttered his immortal line, “I shall return.”

Refusing to admit defeat, MacArthur took supreme command in the Southwest Pacific, capturing New Guinea from the Japanese with an innovative “leap frog” strategy. MacArthur, true to his word, returned to the Philippines in October 1944, and once again employed an unusual strategy of surprise and constant movement that still has historians puzzled as to its true efficacy to this day. He even led the initial invasion by wading ashore from a landing craft-captured for the world on newsreel footage. With the help of the U.S. Navy, which succeeded in destroying the Japanese fleet, leaving the Japanese garrisons on the islands without reinforcements, the Army defeated adamantine Japanese resistance. On March 3, 1945, MacArthur handed control of the Philippine capital back to its president.

On August 30, 1945, MacArthur landed at Atsugi Airport in Japan and proceeded to drive himself to Yokohama. Along the way, tens of thousands of Japanese soldiers lined the roads, their bayonets fixed on him. One last act of defiance-but all for naught. MacArthur would be the man who would reform Japanese society, putting it on the road to economic success.

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World War II History for August 29

29 Aug

Today in WW II History

World War II History for August 29,

1942 - Red Cross announces Japan refuses passage of supplies for U.S. POWs

On this day in 1942, the international humanitarian agency, the Red Cross, reveals that Japan has refused free passage of ships carrying food, medicine, and other necessities for American POWs held by Japan.

In January 1941, the U.S. government requested that the American Red Cross begin a blood-donor program to provide ready and ample supplies of blood plasma and serum albumin for transfusions for wounded soldiers. More than 13 million donations (each about a pint) were collected.

Among other grassroots efforts organized by local Red Cross chapters were bandage-making “assembly lines,” working out of local churches, synagogues, and town halls. Abroad, volunteers worked in military hospitals, reading and writing letters for the wounded. Tens of millions of food packages were prepared and funneled to Allied POWs through Geneva, which served as a clearinghouse. But getting such packages to prisoners in Japan proved particularly difficult. Japan refused to allow even “neutral” ships to enter Japanese waters, even those on humanitarian errands. Despite protests by the Red Cross, Japan allowed just one-tenth of what POWs elsewhere received to reach prisoners in their territories.

As the war came to a close, the Red Cross followed on the heels of liberating military forces to supply relief and aid to those suffering from the ravages of battle. Approximately 20,000 professional Red Cross workers served during the war, along with countless other volunteers.

1944 - During the continuing celebration of the liberation of France from the Nazis, 15,000 American troops marched down the Champs Elysees in Paris.

1945 - U.S. General Douglas MacArthur left for Japan to officially accept the surrender of the Japanese.

 

World War II History for August 28

28 Aug

Today in WW II History

World War II History for August 28

1941 - In occupied Ukraine, more than 23,000 Hungarian Jews were murdered by the Gestapo.

The German invasion of the Soviet Union had advanced to the point of mass air raids on Moscow and the occupation of parts of Ukraine. On August 26, Hitler displayed the joys of conquest by inviting Benito Mussolini to Brest-Litovsk, where the Germans had destroyed the city’s citadel. The grand irony is that Ukrainians had originally viewed the Germans as liberators from their Soviet oppressors and an ally in the struggle for independence. But as early as July, the Germans were arresting Ukrainians agitating and organizing for a provisional state government with an eye toward autonomy and throwing them into concentration camps. The Germans also began carving the nation up, dispensing parts to Poland (already occupied by Germany) and Romania.

But true horrors were reserved for Jews in the territory. Tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews had been expelled from that country and migrated to Ukraine. The German authorities tried sending them back, but Hungary would not take them. SS General Franz Jaeckeln vowed to deal with the influx of refugees by the “complete liquidation of those Jews by September 1.” He worked even faster than promised. On August 28, he marched more than 23,000 Hungarian Jews to bomb craters at Kamenets Podolsk, ordered them to undress, and riddled them with machine-gun fire. Those who didn’t die from the spray of bullets were buried alive under the weight of corpses that piled atop them.

All told, more than 600,000 Jews had been murdered in Ukraine by war’s end.

 

Supposed WWII Skeleton Found in PNG

28 Aug

Supposed WWII skeleton found dangling above Kokoda Track

ABC, The Age
Thu Aug 28, 2008


Found: The skeleton of what is thought to be a World War II pilot hangs in the jungle canopy along the Kokoda Track (No-Roads trekking company)

Australian, US and Japanese authorities are investigating the discovery of what is thought to be the skeleton of a World War II pilot along the Kokoda Track in Papua New Guinea.

Hikers say they discovered the skeleton hanging from the jungle canopy halfway along the 96-kilometre historic World War II path.

Guide David Collins from Melbourne’s No-Roads trekking company was there.

A Kokoda Track guide hopes a family will finally be able to put a World War II veteran to rest after a Victorian police officer found what could be a skeleton ensnared in jungle canopy.

Melbourne-based tour operator David Collins said the police officer had stopped to take a photograph of the dense bush when he noticed something dangling from the trees about 15 metres above.

“The wind started blowing and it was obvious it was not part of the flora, it was something else and looked to be connected by a cable and it appears to be a human body,” he said.

“It was very difficult to make out and I’m still questioning myself but I was quite convinced at the time and it does look like a body in an aluminium harness.”

“It’s swinging like somebody caught in a tree and that’s when you can really see the cabling and it’s the exact shape of a body, same size, everything, but it’s just covered in moss,” he said.

“It’s exactly what it looks like, just somebody caught in a harness, in a seat harness.”

Australian, US and Japanese authorities will check records to see if any pilots were reported missing in that area.

“It was only when the wind blew and it began twisting and flying back and forth that it became apparent that it appeared to be a body,” he said.

“What it looks like is a parachutist has come through the canopy and got caught and just stayed there in an upright position.

“It is completely covered in moss it is only because of the shape of it and the aluminium and cabling that makes it look like a body at all, other than that, it looks like branches of a tree and still may very well be.”

The police officer has declined to speak about the discovery made about halfway along the historic 96-kilometre path, where 600 Australian troops died fighting Japanese forces.

Mr Collins said the tour group were walking along the highest stretch of the track, between Templeton’s and 1900 crossing at the top of the Owen Stanley Range.

He said the Australian High Commission in Papua New Guinea has been notified and it is believed the Australian Defence Force Human Remains Recovery Team will investigate.

“It’s a significant find, if it is what it appears to be, and will put some family’s mind to rest to know what happened to their loved one,” Mr Collins said.

‘Lost in the fog’

Mr Collins said a lot of planes went missing during the war in the general area where the skeleton was found.

“All of them were generally lost in the fog and bang they go in,” he said.

Among those that flew in the area at the time were the Royal Australian Air Force’s 75 and 76 Squadrons, which flew P-40 Kitthawk fighters.

American B-25 Mitchell bombers were also in the area at the time along with P-39 Airacobra fighters.

Mr Collins said he believed a B25 had crashed during the war about 500m from where the possible remains were found.

“Aircraft crashed all over the area, it is near Lake Myola that was a staging ground for the Allies and also where the biscuit bombers dropped their supplies,” he said.

“A lot of planes went into the ground.”

He said if the find did turn out to be a skeleton it could also possibly the body of a Japanese serviceman.

United States and Japanese authorities in Papua New Guinea have been notified and along with Australian are checking records to see if any pilots were reported missing in that area.

About 25 local porters walking with the tour group told Mr Collins they had not previously heard of a body in the area.

“There is evidence of the war everywhere you walk, pieces of mortar bombs and bits of bullets everywhere on the track,” Mr Collins said.

“There were a lot of bodies that weren’t recovered because of the nature of the jungle which was some of the most hard-fought areas of the Second World War.”

The remoteness of the site and the difficulties involving in locating and working with anything in the thick jungle canopy mean that it could be months before any identification of the skeleton is made.

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WW2 Hero Dog is Celebrated

28 Aug

WW2 hero dog is celebrated to keep his legend alive
Wednesday, 27 August, 2008, 18:53 stv


Bamse the sea dog

A Montrose hero of the Second World War will be celebrated in the town tonight – but this legend is no ordinary soldier.

After docking in the North East in 1940, Bamse the sea dog became local star when he bravely saved the lives of two soldiers.

A book of tales launched this evening focuses on his exploits aboard the Thorodd – the Norwegian Minesweeper the St Bernard lived on.

Bamse was a registered crew member on the vessel and in addition to having a statue in Montrose, he is also an international signal of freedom for Norwegian troops.


Bamse the sea dog

Author Angus Whitson said: “There are other lovely stories about him collecting his shipmates from the pubs where they drank and getting them down to Thorodd, which was the ship they all served on, getting them down to Thorodd in time for curfew to ensure none of them got into trouble.”

His co-author Andrew Orr added: “One of the ship’s guards wanted to go off and make a cup of coffee and so he put Bamse at the top of the gangway and said be sure not to let anyone up this gangway when along comes the Captain, Captain Hafto, and he tries to get up the gangway but the dog has been told what to do, he’s been given an order so he doesn’t let the Captain onto his own ship.”

“There are other lovely stories about him collecting his shipmates from the pubs where they drank and getting them down to Thorodd, which was the ship they all served on, getting them down to Thorodd in time for curfew to ensure none of them got into trouble.”

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World War II History for August 27

27 Aug

Today in WW II History

World War II History for August 27

1939 - Nazi Germany demanded the Polish corridor and Danzig.

1941 - Japanese prime minister requests a summit meeting with FDR

On this day in 1941, Prince Fumimaro Konoye, prime minister of Japan, announces that he would like to enter into direct negotiations with President Roosevelt in order to prevent the Japanese conflict with China from expanding into world war.

Konoye, a lawyer by training and well studied in Western philosophy, literature, and economics, entered the Japanese Parliament’s upper house by virtue of his princely status and immediately pursued a program of reform. High on his agenda was a reform of the army general staff in order to prevent its direct interference in foreign policy decisions. He also sought an increase in parliamentary power. An antifascist, Konoye championed an end to the militarism of Japanese political structures, especially in light of the war in Manchuria, which began in 1931.

Appointed prime minister in 1933, Konoye’s first cabinet fell apart after full-blown war broke out between Japan and China. In 1940, Konoye was asked to form a second cabinet. But as he sought to contain the war with China, relations with the United States deteriorated, to the point where Japan was virtually surrounded by a U.S. military presence and threats of sanctions. On August 27, 1941, Konoye requested a summit with President Roosevelt in order to diminish heightening tensions. Envoys were exchanged, but no direct meeting with the president took place.

In October, Konoye resigned because of increasing tension with his army minister, Tojo Hideki, who would succeed him as prime minister. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Konoye was put under military surveillance, his political career all but over until 1945, when the emperor considered sending him to Moscow to negotiate peace terms. That meeting never came off either.

The grand irony of Prince Konoye’s career came at the war’s conclusion, when he was served with an arrest warrant by the U.S. occupying force for suspicion of war crimes. Rather than submit to arrest, he committed suicide by drinking poison.

1945 - American troops landed in Japan after the surrender of the Japanese government at the end of World War II.

 

World War II History for August 26

26 Aug

Today in WW II History

World War II History for August 26

1934 - Adolf Hitler demanded that France turn over their Saar region to Germany.

1944 - DeGaulle enters a free Paris

On this day in 1944, French General Charles de Gaulle enters Paris, which had formally been liberated the day before. As he entered the Place de l’Hotel, French collaborationists took a few sniper shots at him. “There are many moments that go beyond each of our poor little lives,” he was quoted at the time. “Paris outraged! Paris broken! Paris martyrized! But Paris liberated!”

For de Gaulle, the liberation of Paris was the end of a long history of fighting Germans. He sustained multiple injuries fighting at Verdun in World War I. He escaped German POW camps five times, only to be recaptured each time. (At 6 feet, 4 inches tall, it was hard for de Gaulle to be inconspicuous.)

At the beginning of World War II, de Gaulle was commander of a tank brigade. He was admired as a courageous leader and made a brigadier general in May 1940. After the German invasion of France, he became undersecretary of state for defense and war in the Reynaud government, but when Reynaud resigned, and Field Marshal Philippe Petain stepped in, a virtual puppet of the German occupiers, de Gaulle left for England. On June 18, de Gaulle took to the radio airwaves to make an appeal to his fellow French not to accept the armistice being sought by Petain, but to continue fighting under his command. Ten days later, Britain formally acknowledged de Gaulle as the leader of the “Free French Forces,” which was at first little more than those French troops stationed in England, volunteers from Frenchmen already living in England, and units of the French navy.

De Gaulle would prove an adept wartime politician, finally winning recognition and respect from the Allies and his fellow countrymen. He returned to Paris from Algiers, where he had moved the headquarters of the Free French Forces and formed a “shadow government” in September 1943. On the eve of the Normandy invasion, de Gaulle demanded that his government be regarded as the “official” government of all liberated areas of France. Gen. Dwight Eisenhower, commander of the D-Day invasion, agreed to “not recognize” any government entity other than de Gaulle’s. De Gaulle went on to head two provisional governments before resigning. In 1970, he died suddenly of an aneurysmal rupture at the age of 79.

1945 - The Japanese were given surrender instructions on the U.S. battleship Missouri at the end of World War II.

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World War II History for August 25

25 Aug

Today in WW II History

World War II History for August 25

1939 - Britain and Poland signed a Mutual Assistance Treaty.

1940 - British air raids on Berlin began.

1941 - Allied forces invaded Iran. Within four days the Soviet Union and England controlled Iran.

1943 - U.S. forces overran New Georgia in the Solomon Islands during World War II.

1944 - Paris, France, was liberated by Allied forces ending four years of German occupation.

On this day in 1944, French General Jacques Leclerc enters the free French capital triumphantly. Pockets of German intransigence remained, but Paris was free from German control.

Two days earlier, a French armored division had begun advancing on the capital. Members of the Resistance, now called the French Forces of the Interior, proceeded to free all French civilian prisoners in Paris. The Germans were still counterattacking, setting fire to the Grand Palais, which had been taken over by the Resistance, and killing small groups of Resistance fighters as they encountered them in the city. On August 24, another French armored division entered Paris from the south, receiving an effusion of gratitude from French civilians who poured into the streets to greet their heroes-but still, the Germans continued to fire on French fighters from behind barricades, often catching civilians in the crossfire.

But on August 25, after Gen. Dwight Eisenhower was assured by Gen. Charles de Gaulle, leader of the French Resistant forces, that Allied troops could now virtually sweep into Paris unopposed, Ike ordered Gen. Jacques Philippe Leclerc (a pseudonym he assumed to protect his family while under German occupation; his given name was Philippe-Marie, Vicomte De Hauteclocque) to enter the capital with his 2nd Armored Division. The remnants of German snipers were rendered impotent, and many German soldiers were led off as captives. In fact, the animus toward the Germans was so great that even those who had surrendered were attacked, some even machine-gunned, as they were being led off to captivity.

More than 500 Resistance fighters died in the struggle for Paris, as well as 127 civilians. Once the city was free from German rule, French collaborators were often killed upon capture, without trial.

1944 - Romania declared war on Germany.

1945 - The first casualty of the Cold War

On this day in 1945, John Birch, an American missionary to China before the war and a captain in the Army during the war, is killed by Chinese communists days after the surrender of Japan, for no apparent reason.

After America had entered the war, Birch, a Baptist missionary already in China, was made a liaison between American and Chinese forces fighting the Japanese. But on August 25, Birch, commanding an American Special Services team, was ordered to halt by Chinese communist troops. A scuffle ensued, and Birch was shot dead.

In the 1950s, Robert Welch would create a right-wing, anticommunist organization called the John Birch Society. For Welch, Birch was “the first casualty in the Third World War between Communists and the ever-shrinking Free World.”

 

Podcast – D-Day Broadcast Pt 6

24 Aug

World War II History – Audio Feature

Podcast: Columbia News Broadcast – D-Day Broadcast Pt 6

Today we bring you the 6th installment of the radio news broadcast after the landings in Normandy on D-Day (44-Jun-06) that went out to the United States.

Here are links to the first four broadcasts in the series:

Podcast – D-Day Broadcast Pt 1
Podcast – D-Day Broadcast Pt 2
Podcast – D-Day Broadcast Pt 3
Podcast – D-Day Broadcast Pt 4
Podcast – D-Day Broadcast Pt 5

Please remember to subscribe to WWarII.com on iTunes with this link! iTunes Subscribe

 
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World War II History for August 24

24 Aug

Today in WW II History

World War II History for August 24

1942 - U.S. forces sank the Japanese aircraft carrier Ryuho in the Battle of the East Solomon Islands. During this battle the “coastwatchers,” volunteers that reported on Japanese ship and aircraft movement, were a key to American success.

On this day in 1942, U.S. forces continue to deliver crushing blows to the Japanese, sinking the aircraft carrier Ryuho in the Battle of the East Solomon Islands. Key to the Americans’ success in this battle was the work of coastwatchers, a group of volunteers whose job it is to report on Japanese ship and aircraft movement.

The Marines had landed on Guadalcanal, on the Solomon Islands, on August 7. This was the first American offensive maneuver of the war and would deliver the first real defeat to the Japanese. On August 23, coastwatchers, comprised mostly of Australian and New Zealander volunteers, hidden throughout the Solomon and Bismarck islands and protected by anti-Japanese natives, spotted heavy Japanese reinforcements headed for Guadalcanal. The coastwatchers alerted three U.S. carriers that were within 100 miles of Guadalcanal, which then raced to the scene to intercept the Japanese.

By the time the Battle of the Eastern Solomons was over, the Japanese lost a light carrier, a destroyer, and a submarine and the Ryuho. The Americans suffered damage to the USS Enterprise, the most decorated carrier of the war; the Enterprise would see action again, though, in the American landings on Okinawa in 1945.

As for the coastwatchers, Vice Adm. William F. Halsey said, “The coastwatchers saved Guadalcanal, and Guadalcanal saved the Pacific.”

Footnote: It was a coastwatcher who arranged for the deliverance and safe return of John F. Kennedy and his crew when they were stranded in the Solomons in 1943.

 
 
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