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WWII History for June 4 – Battle of Midway

04 Jun

Today in WWII History – The Battle of Midway

World War II History for June 4

Audio: MBS News – The Battle of Midway 06.04.1942

Jun 04, 1940 “We must be very careful not to assign to this deliverance the attributes of a victory. War’s are not won by evacuations.” – Winston Churchill – To Parliament

Jun 04, 1942 Battle of Midway

Jun 04, 1942 Battle of Midway – PBYs attack Occupation Force northwest of Midway; one PBY torpedoes fleet tanker Akebono Maru.

Jun 04, 1942 Battle of Midway – Japanese carrier fleet – Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, and Hiryu – sends its aircraft against defensive installations on Midway. Although defending USMC F2A’s and F4F’s suffer disastrous losses, damage to facilities on Midway is comparatively slight.

Jun 04, 1942 Battle of Midway – Japanese carrier fighters and antiaircraft fire annihilates the USMC SBD’s and SB2U’s, Navy’s new TBF’s, and USAAF torpedo-carrying B-26′s sent from Midway Island to attack the Japanese carriers. USAAF B-17′s likewise bomb the Japanese carrier force without success.

Jun 04, 1942 Battle of Midway – Concentrating on the destruction of Midway air forces, the Japanese carriers were caught unprepared for the U.S. carrier air attack.

Jun 04, 1942 Battle of Midway – Torpedo bombers (TBD’s) from American carrier striking force Hornet (CV-8), Enterprise (CV-6), and Yorktown (CV-5) attack the enemy carriers. Although mauled by the defending combat air patrol and antiaircraft fire, they draw off the former and leave the skies open for dive bombers (SBD’s) from Enterprise and Yorktown.

Jun 04, 1942 Battle of Midway – SBD’s from Enterprise sink carrier Kaga and bomb Akagi (flagship) SBD’s; SBD’s from Yorktown bomb and sink carrier Soryu.

Jun 04, 1942 Battle of Midway – Submarine Nautilus (SS-168) torpedoes carrier Kaga but her “fish” do not explode.

Jun 04, 1942 Battle of Midway – Hiryu escapes destruction that morning, launches dive bombers that temporarily disable Yorktown. Fletcher transfers flag to Astoria (CA-34) .

Jun 04, 1942 Battle of Midway – A second Japanese counter attack 2 hours later, damages Yorktown with bombs and torpedoes so severely that she was abandoned.

Jun 04, 1942 Battle of Midway – In the late afternoon, SBD’s from Enterprise, including Yorktown planes, hit the Japanese Force again, striking Hiryu, the fourth and last of the Japanese carriers.

Jun 04, 1942 Battle of Midway – TF-16 (Spruance) released at dusk.

Jun 04, 1942 Battle of Midway – With control of the air irretrievably lost, the Japanese are compelled to abandon Midway invasion plans and the invasion force retires westward.

Jun 04, 1942 – Jun 05, 1942 Battle of Midway – Overnight – Three Japanese fleets, with ten battleships, including Yamato, the world’s largest battleship, two escort carriers, cruisers, and destroyers race to engage the U.S. carriers.

Jun 04, 1942 – Jun 05, 1942 Battle of Midway – Overnight – The U.S. fleet withdraws till midnight, then returns to the protective air cover of Midway.

Jun 04, 1942 – Jun 05, 1942 Battle of Midway – Overnight – Finding nothing, the Japanese battle fleets also withdraws.

Jun 04, 1942 Battle of Midway – 4:1 win in favor of US

 

World War II History – May 7

07 May

Today in WWII History

World War II History for May 7

Audio: 1942-05-07 – Gen Wainwright Broadcasts Surrender Of Corregidor

May 07, 1940 – May 10, 1940 – British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain resigns in disgrace. He will be replaced by Winston Churchill on 05.10.

May 07, 1940 – Pacific fleet ordered to Pearl Harbor as a warning to Japan

May 07, 1942 – Japanese carriers attack US oilier Neosho and destroyer Sims thinking they are a carrier and cruiser.

May 07, 1942 – US carriers attack escort carrier Shoho thinking it was the main force.

May 07, 1942 – Australian cruiser force sent ahead to block Japanese invasion fleet.

May 07, 1942 – Both sides decide against a night battle and prepare for dawn air attacks.

May 07, 1945 – Germany surrenders unconditionally to General Eisenhower at Rheims, France, and to the Soviets in Berlin. President Truman pronounces the following day, May 8, V-E Day. The U.S., Russia, England, and France agree to split occupied Germany into eastern and western halves.

See more WWII timeline events at http://wwarii.com/db/timeline.php

 

World War II History for February 19

19 Feb

Today in WWII History

World War II History for February 19

Audio Clip: 02.18.1943 Soong Mei-Ling Appeals to Congress to Aid Chinese Nationalists

02.19.1932 – The Sino-Japanese dispute was referred to the Assembly by the League of Nations Council.

02.19.1937 – An attempt was made in Addis Ababa to assassinate the Italian viceroy of Ethiopia, General Rodolfo Graziani. Though he was only wounded, the Italians launched large scale reprisals vowing to keep the Ethiopians in line.

02.19.1938 – The British Cabinet rejects Foreign Secretary Eden’s proposal to have Italian troops withdraw from Spain. Their hope was misplaced, believing that Italy would check any further advances by Germany (they had already occupied Austria).

02.19.1938 – Nazis were permitted to join the ruling party of Austria, the Fatherland Front.

02.19.1939 – A trade agreement was signed between the Soviet Union and Poland in an attempt to strengthen Poland as a buffer against Germany.

02.19.1940 – Ambassador Hull extends the US moral embargo to the Soviet Union.

02.19.1941 – The 8th Australian Division lands in Singapore.

02.19.1942 – Executive Order 9066 is signed by President Roosevelt, authorizing the transfer of more than 100,000 Japanese-Americans living in coastal Pacific areas to concentration camps in various inland states (and including inland areas of California). The interned Japanese-Americans lose an estimated 400 million dollars in property, as their homes and possessions are taken from them.

02.19.1942 – Japanese air raids on Darwin, Australia. Considered the “Pearl Harbor of Australia”, they largest attacks ever mounted by a foreign power against Australia. The raids were the first of almost 100 air raids against Australia during 1942-43.

02.19.1942 – Battle of Badoeng Strait begins; ABDA force attacks retiring Japanese Bali occupation force with 1 Dutch DD sunk, 2 CL and 1 DD damaged.

02.19.1942 – Mandalay came under aerial attack for the first time. Defending forces are ordered back from the Bilin River.

02.19.1942 – Japanese troops landed on the Portuguese island of Timor in the East Indies. Tokyo says the action is taken in self-defense and that its forces would withdraw when the area was secure. The neutral Portuguese accept the occupation.

02.19.1942 – Canada’s Parliament vote to begin military conscription.

02.19.1942 – The Supreme Court of Vichy France begin trials in Riom to establish responsibility for the defeat in 1940.

02.19.1943 – Allied defenses in Tunisia are restructured in the face of a deteriorating position. The Axis forces begin frontal assaults on American positions in the Kasserine Pass.

02.19.1943 – German Army Group South opens a counteroffensive toward Kharkov and Belgorod.

02.19.1944 – US forces land on Engebi Island, Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands.

02.19.1945 – Units of the US 8th Div begin encircling German troops trapped within the Siegfried Line.

02.19.1945 – Himmler makes his first peace overtures to Swedish Count Folke Bernadotte of the Red Cross.

02.19.1945 US troops land on Samar and Capul Islands in the Philippines.

02.19.1945 (0905 hrs) – The first of 30,000 US Marines land on Iwo Jima. /via World War II Database

 

WWII History for November 9 – Kristallnacht

09 Nov

Today in WWII History

World War II History for November 9

11.09.1938-11.10.1938
– Kristallnacht, “Crystal Night” or “Night of Broken Glass.”

Nazi’s launch a campaign of terror against Jews in Germany in retaliation to the killing German diplomat Ernst vom Rath in Paris. The event got it’s name from the shattered window glass which was valued at over 6 million marks. 267 synagogues and 815 shops were wrecked, 36 Jews were killed and 20,000 were arrested.

 
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Posted in Europe Theater, Facts, Today

 

Franklin D Roosevelt

03 Nov

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945)
32nd President of the United States

Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York to James and Sara Roosevelt, both from wealthy old New York families. He grew up in a privileged home, going to boarding school and later to Harvard. After graduating from Harvard he went on to Columbia Law School (1905) until 1907 when he passed the New York Bar Exam and started work in corporate law.

On March 17, 1905, Roosevelt married Eleanor, with his 5th cousin (and Elanor’s uncle) President Theodore Roosevelt standing for her. They had 6 children, with Franklin Jr. dying before he was 1.

In 1910 FDR was elected to the New York State Senate (Democrat) where he was elected for two consecutive terms. In 1913 he resigned to become Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson. Here he founded the US Navy Reserve and developed a life long affinity for the Navy. He resigned from this post in July 1920 for a failed bid for Vice President of the United States. After the defeat he went back to private law practice.

In August 1921, Roosevelt contracted an illness, at the time believed to be polio, which resulted in his total and permanent paralysis from the waist down. He refused to be held down by this and after he became President helped to found the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (now known as the March of Dimes). His leadership in this organization is one reason he is commemorated on the dime.

One of the few photos of Roosevelt in a wheelchair

In 1928, Roosevelt was elected Governor of New York for two terms(1929-1932).

FDR’s dog, Fala, also became well-known during his time in the White House, and was called the “most photographed dog in the world.”

(This entry is a work in progress and will be routinely updated. Please feel free to send any suggestions that you feel should be added about FDR.)

 
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Posted in Country - USA, Facts, Media, North America

 

General Patton Enters Messina 1943

17 Aug

Audio Clip: 1943-08-17 BBC’s Garry Marsh – General Patton Enters Messina

August 17, 1943, U.S. Gen George S. Patton & 7th Army arrive in Messina, Sicily, hrs before “Monte”

Today’s Related Reads: Assault on Sicily: Monty and Patton at War

Gen. Patton near Brolo Sicily Aug 1943

Lieutenant Colonel Lyle Bernard, from Colorado, 30th Infantry Regiment, a prominent figure in the second daring amphibious landing behind enemy lines on Sicily’s north coast, discusses the operational situation with Lieutenant General George S. Patton, Jr. This Signal Corps photo was taken near Brolo, Sicily in August of 1943, during Operation Husky.

Patton is leaning over the back of his WC-57 Dodge 3/4 ton 4×4 Command Car.

 

World War II History for July 24

24 Jul

Today in WWII History

World War II History for July 24

1941 - Vichy France grants Japan bases in its Indochina colonies.

Japan invaded China by moving through Southeast Asia, an area that France had long occupied. France had “agreed” to the occupation under Petain’s puppet government.

1943 - Operation Gomorrah is launched.

On this day in 1943, British bombers raid Hamburg, Germany, by night in Operation Gomorrah, while Americans bomb it by day in its own “Blitz Week.”

Britain had suffered the deaths of 167 civilians as a result of German bombing raids in July. Now the tables were going to turn. The evening of July 24 saw British aircraft drop 2,300 tons of incendiary bombs on Hamburg in just a few hours. The explosive power was the equivalent of what German bombers had dropped on London in their five most destructive raids. More than 1,500 German civilians were killed in that first British raid.

Britain lost only 12 aircraft in this raid (791 flew), thanks to a new radar-jamming device called “Window,” which consisted of strips of aluminum foil dropped by the bombers en route to their target. These Window strips confused German radar, which mistook the strips for dozens and dozens of aircraft, diverting them from the trajectory of the actual bombers.

Lancaster dropping Window
An Avro Lancaster dropping Window (the crescent-shaped white cloud on the left of the picture) from within the accompanying bomber stream.

WWII Radar towers
WWII Radar Station

To make matters worse for Germany, the U.S. Eighth Air Force began a more comprehensive bombing run of northern Germany, which included two raids on Hamburg during daylight hours.

British attacks on Hamburg continued until November of that year. Although the percentage of British bombers lost increased with each raid as the Germans became more adept at distinguishing between Window diversions and actual bombers, Operation Gomorrah proved devastating to Hamburg-not to mention German morale. When it was over, 17,000 bomber sorties dropped more than 9,000 tons of explosives, killing more than 30,000 people and destroying 280,000 buildings, including industrial and munitions plants. The effect on Hitler, too, was significant. He refused to visit the burned-out cities, as the ruins bespoke nothing but the end of the war for him. Diary entries of high German officials from this period describe a similar despair, as they sought to come to terms with defeat. [1]

[1] “Operation Gomorrah is launched,” History.com, http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=6529 (accessed Jul 24, 2009).

 

Wendell Willkie Audio Clip

21 Jul

Audio Clip: 1941-07-23 Wendell Willkie Calls For End Of US Isolationism

Wendell Willkie (February 18, 1892 – October 8, 1944) was a corporate lawyer in the United States and was the Republican Party nominee for the 1940 presidential election, although he had never previously had an elected political office.

Although Willkie won more votes in the 1940 presidential election (22.3 million votes) than any previous Republican candidate, he lost the popular vote 27 million to 22 million and the Electoral College vote to Franklin D. Roosevelt by an extremely wide margin: 449 to 82, carrying ten states.

Wendell Willkie Campaign Poster
Wendell Willkie Campaign Poster
 

World War II History for July 20

20 Jul

Audio Clip: 1944-07-21 RRG Adolf Hitler – On July 20th Assassination Attempt

Today in WWII History

World War II History for July 20

1942 - The first detachment of the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps, (WACS) began basic training at Fort Des Moines, Iowa.

1942 - An Act of Congress (Public Law 671 – 77th Congress, Chapter 508, 2d Session) established the Legion of Merit Medal.

1944 - Operation Valkyrie – An attempt by a group of German officials to assassinate Adolf Hitler failed. The bomb exploded at Hitler’s Rastenburg headquarters. Hitler was only wounded.

Thirty six year-old Stauffenberg’s final attempt occured on July 20, 1944. Four days earlier, the attempt was decided upon during a meeting at his residence at No. 8 Tristanstrasse, Wansee. Himmler or no Himmler, the attempt must go ahead, come what may. At 12.00pm Stauffenberg and General Fromm report to Field Marshal Keitel’s office for a briefing before entering the conference room. At 12.37pm, Stauffenberg pushes his briefcase containing the bomb, under the map table, then leaves the room on the pretext of making a telephone call. The officer who took his place noticed the briefcase and with his foot pushed it further under the table. At 12.42pm, the bomb explodes. By this time Stauffenberg is on his way back to Berlin. At 6.28pm a radio broadcast from Wolf’s Lair reports that Hitler is alive but only slightly wounded. Later that night, at 12.30am, Stauffenberg and his co-conspirators, Haeften, Olbricht and Mertz, are arrested and executed by firing squad in the inner courtyard of the Bendlerstrasse Headquarters.

THE BOMB PLOT AT HITLER’S HQ. The personnel as at 12.30pm on July 20, 1944. (See the following list.)

Adolf Hitler
General Heusinger
Luftwaffe General Korten (Died of wounds)
Colonel Brandt (Died of wounds)
Luftwaffe General Bodenschatz (Severely wounded)
General Schnunt (Died of wounds)
Lt.Colonel Borgman (Severely wounded)
Rear Admiral Von Puttkamer
Stenographer Berger (Killed on the spot)
Naval Captain Assmann
General Scherff
General Buhle 1
Rear Admiral Voss
SS Group Leader Fegelein
Colonel Von Bellow
SS Hauptsturmfuhrer Gunsche
Stenographer Hagen
Lt.Colonel Von John (Adjutant to Keitel)
Major Buchs (Adjutant to Jodl)
Lt.Colonel Weizenegger
Min.Counsellor Von Sonnleithner
General Warlimont (Concussion)
General Jodl (Lightly wounded)
Field Marshal Keitel

Starring Tom Cruise, VALKYRIE, is the true story of the assassination plot against Adolf Hitler that took place on July 20, 1944 and which was led by, among others, German staff officer Klaus Von Stauffenberg (whom Cruise portrays). Now available on DVD – see the events for yourself!

[1] Assassination Attempts on Hitler’s Life — 1 http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/archive/index.php/t-49252.html

 

Operation Aerial

15 Jul

Operation Ariel aka Operation Aerial

17 June 1940 – Operation Ariel begins: Allied troops start to evacuate France, following Germany’s takeover of Paris and most of the nation.

Smaller-scale counterpart to Operation Dynamo and designed to remove by sea all British troops in north-west France, largely from the ports of Cherbourg, St Malo, Brest, St Nazaire and La Pallice (16/24 June 1940). Admiral Sir William James, the Commander-in-Chief Portsmouth, was controller of the evacuations from Cherbourg and St Malo, while the others came under the command of Admiral Sir M. Dunbar-Nasmith, Commander-in-Chief Western Approaches. At Cherbourg some 30,630 men of the 52nd Div and Norman Force were lifted between 16 and 18 June; at St Malo 21,474 men of the 1st Canadian Div and other units were picked up between 16 and 18 June; at Brest some 32,584 soldiers and airmen were rescued between 17 and 18 June; at St Nazaire the total was 57,235 troops (including a number from Nantes) evacuated between 16 and 20 June; and at La Pallice 2,303 British and a large number of Polish troops were brought out between 17 and 20 June. Another 19,000 or so troops, most of them Polish, were lifted from ports in the southern half of the French Atlantic coast. At the same time it was decided to evacuate as many as possible from the Channel Islands, and between 19 and 24 June some 22,656 British citizens were removed from these islands, which must inevitably fall to the Germans after the capture of France.

The only major loss during the evacuation from western France was off St Nazaire. Liner Lancastria was bombed and sunk with the death of nearly 3,000 men.

Photo Gallery of the Lancastria

HMT Lancastria Sinking
Hundreds of men can be seen clinging to the upturned hull. For most there was no means of escape. Upturned lifeboats can be seen to the left of the picture again with men clinging on and around them hundreds of heads are floating in the water. One survivor can be seen swimming towards the HMS Highlander from where this picture was taken by Frank Clements. To the right of the sinking Lancastria a becalmed area of sea marks the oil slick from the ship’s ruptured tanks. The Germans were continuing their attack when this image was taken, strafing men in the water. The time is approximately 4.05pm, Monday 17th June 1940.


Survivors of the HMT Lancastria

Lancastria survivors – Tired, weary and covered in oil from Lancastria’s tanks. This shot shows survivors aboard the destroyer HMS Highlander, taken by Frank Clements. The survivor standing with the white blanket round his shoulders, behind the man with the cigarette in his mouth, has been identified as Donald Charles Bruce of the RASC. He later took part in the D-Day landings.

 
 
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