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World War II History for July 9

09 Jul

Today in WW II History

World War II History for July 9

1941 - Enigma key broken

On this day in 1941, crackerjack British cryptologists break the secret code used by the German army to direct ground-to-air operations on the Eastern front.

British experts had already broken many of the Enigma codes for the Western front. Enigma was the Germans’ most sophisticated coding machine, necessary to secretly transmitting information. The Enigma machine, invented in 1919 by Hugo Koch, a Dutchman, looked like a typewriter and was originally employed for business purposes. The Germany army adapted the machine for wartime use and considered its encoding system unbreakable. They were wrong. The Brits had broken their first Enigma code as early as the German invasion of Poland and had intercepted virtually every message sent through the occupation of Holland and France. Britain nicknamed the intercepted messages Ultra.

Now, with the German invasion of Russia, the Allies needed to be able to intercept coded messages transmitted on this second, Eastern, front. The first breakthrough occurred on July 9, regarding German ground-air operations, but various keys would continue to be broken by the Brits over the next year, each conveying information of higher secrecy and priority than the next. (For example, a series of decoded messages nicknamed “Weasel” proved extremely important in anticipating German anti-aircraft and antitank strategies against the Allies.) These decoded messages were regularly passed to the Soviet High Command regarding German troop movements and planned offensives, and back to London regarding the mass murder of Russian prisoners and Jewish concentration camp victims.

1943 - American and British forces made an amphibious landing on Sicily.

1951 - U.S. President Truman asked Congress to formally end the state of war between the United States and Germany.

2005 - Queen Elizabeth II unveiled a memorial to women who served in World War II. The event was part of the Britain’s commemorations of the 60th anniversary of the end of the war in Europe and the Pacific.

 

PBS Special – War of the World

27 Jun

The War of the World

The War of the World, a 3-part series based on historian Niall Ferguson’s best-selling book of the same name, challenges the notion that World War II was a triumph of good (us) over evil (them).

The first part of the series gives an excellent work up to the 20th century in conflict. Spanning Asia and then through Europe it portrays the human cost in the struggle for power and control. Of all three parts that I previewed the first gave the best historical viewpoint without much bias. It was a very educational and insightful piece.

As the program moves into the second and then into the third series the author and host Niall Ferguson builds the focus of the series into his viewpoint of “seeing the 20th century through new eyes.” While the series is in the end aimed toward a particular viewpoint there are a lot of historical and factual perspectives that aren’t always highlighted in traditional history, such as the suffering and persecution of the common people throughout the various nations.

Stephen Segaller, Executive Producer of THE WAR OF THE WORLD and Vice President, National Production for Thirteen, says, “The series challenges our assumptions about a century’s worth of brutal conflict. In light of the ongoing crisis in the Middle East and eastward shift of global power toward China, Ferguson makes a case for looking deeply into the past to achieve insight into the future. By looking beyond individual wars or regions, he enables us to see the larger, and more powerful historical trends of our volatile age.”

The series considers the unparalleled stretch of violence as a single, unrelenting “war of the world” that began with Japan’s invasion of Russia in 1904 and continued through the Korean War all the way to an ongoing “Third World’s War.”

Episode one, The Clash of Empires, posits that economic volatility, ethnic conflict and empires in crisis combined to spawn the 20th century’s bloodiest conflicts, leading to the rise of the brutal regimes of Germany, Japan and Russia, the “age of genocide” and a preoccupation with racial purity.

Episode two, A Tainted Victory, cites the horrors of World War II to show how, in order to win, the Allies acted with the same savagery as their enemies, thus attaining a “tainted victory.”

Episode three, The Icebox, describes the Cold War as a continuation of the “war of the world” in which millions died in proxy wars conducted by the two superpowers. The end of the Cold War led to great new dangers and challenges, and presaged the rise of East.

War of the World airs on consecutive Mondays — June 30, July 7, July 14 — at 10 p.m. (ET) on PBS (check local listings).

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World War II History for June 25

25 Jun

Today in WW II History

World War II History for June 25

1941 - Finland declared war on the Soviet Union.

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